Fossil Taxonomy – Reduviasporonites

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

Chain of 5 cells; left outer cell without a terminal thickening or rim.

Mean length of cells 15µm

USA

C34

Flowerpot WM 2504-1

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

Poorly preserved ?double chain

Mean length of cells 15µm

USA

D43

Flowerpot WM 2504-1

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

Two cells in chain.

Mean length of cells 11µm

USA

E15

Flowerpot WM 2504-1

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

Two cells in chain.

Mean length of cells 12µm

USA

E18

Flowerpot WM 2504-1

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

Two recently separated cells.

Mean length of cells 12µm

USA

E19

Flowerpot WM 2504-1

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

Two cells in chain.

Mean length of cells 14µm

USA

E19

Flowerpot WM 2504-1

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

Chain of cells; neither has an outer terminal rim or thickening. Left cell shows inner body through the crack in the outer cell wall.

Mean length of cells 16µm

USA

E19/4

Flowerpot WM 2504-1

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

Chain of three cells; neither of the outer two cells has an outer terminal rim or thickening.

Mean length of cells 11µm

USA

E23

Flowerpot WM 2504-1

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

Chain with longitudinally collapsed cells.

Mean length of cells 15µm

USA

E36/4

Flowerpot WM 2504-1

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

Chain with longitudinally collapsed cells.

Mean length of cells 14µm

USA

G16

Flowerpot WM 2504-1

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

Chain with relatively well preserved cells close in form to some of the Alpine specimens. The right edge of the right hand cell appears not to have been connected to another cell. The left cell has clearly been detached from another cell.

Lengths of cells 12, 13 and 22µm.

USA

G36

Flowerpot WM 2504-1

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

Chain with longitudinally collapsed cells.

Mean length of cells 14µm

USA

G39/2

Flowerpot WM 2504-1

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

Single cell; perhaps an ‘end cell’. Right side of cell has no terminal rim or thickening. Left side with thickening, possibly was part of a chain in which it was the ‘end cell’.

Cell length 20µm

USA

G41

Flowerpot WM 2504-1

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

Single cell

Cell length 19µm

USA

G44

Flowerpot WM 2504-1

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

Chain with relatively well preserved cells close in form to some of the specimens from the Mazzin Member, Austria. The right edge of the right hand cell appears not to have been connected to another cell. The left cell has clearly been detached from another cell.

Mean length of cells 12µm

USA

H10/2

Flowerpot WM 2504-1

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

Single cell with a discontinuous concentric pattern of folds

Approx. length 15 µm

USA

H40/4

Flowerpot WM 2504-2

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

Chain with longitudinally collapsed cells.

Mean length of cells 13µm

USA

J11/2

Flowerpot WM 2504-1

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

A pair of joined cells. Neither of the outer cells appears to have been connected to other cells.

Mean length of cells 13µm

USA

J24

Flowerpot WM 2504-1

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

A pair of joined cells with considerable overlap. Neither of the outer cells appears to have been connected to other cells.

Mean length of cells 16µm

USA

J27/3

Flowerpot WM 2504-1

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

Chain with longitudinally collapsed cells. Neither of the outer cells appears to have been connected to other cells.

Mean length of cells 15µm

USA

J32

Flowerpot WM 2504-1

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

Chain of 4 longitudinally collapsed cells. Left cell displays strong concentric fold pattern, perhaps indicating a folded inner body or perhaps a system of invaginations in the outer cell wall.

Mean length of cells 13µm

USA

L24/4

Flowerpot WM 2504-1

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

Chain of 5 cells each with a concentric to rectilinear pattern of folds.

Mean length of cells 13µm

USA

L27/4

Flowerpot WM 2504-2

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

Chain of three rigid cells. Neither of the outer cells appears to have been connected to other cells.

Mean length of cells 14µm

USA

M24/1

Flowerpot WM 2504-2

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

A pair of joined cells.

Mean length of cells 12µm

USA

M29/2

Flowerpot WM 2504-1

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

A pair of joined cells. The left hand cell does not appear to have been connected to other cells.

Mean length of cells 18µm

USA

M39/1

Flowerpot WM 2504-1

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

Chain of 6 cells. Most cells display strong concentric fold pattern. There appears to be continuity across the folding patterns of the cells suggesting a possible series of connected inner bodies.

Mean length of cells 13µm

USA

N23/4

Flowerpot WM 2504-1

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

Chain of 3 cells. All cells display strong concentric fold pattern.

Lengths of cells 11, 13 and 14µm

USA

N25

Flowerpot WM 2504-1

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

Pair of cells. Left hand cell has an invaginated or thickened left margin possible suggesting connection with other cells. Right cell seems to lack means of connection.

Mean length of cells 13µm

USA

N34/4

Flowerpot WM 2504-2

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

Chain of 4 cells and a single off line cell possibly the remaining cell of a branch of cells. Cells distinctly overlap each other.

Mean length of cells 12µm

USA

P32

Flowerpot WM 2504-1

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

Single cell with a concentric to rectilinear pattern of folds.

Approx. length 15 µm

USA

S15

Flowerpot WM 2504-2

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

Single cell with a concentric to rectilinear pattern of folds.

Approx. length 15 µm

USA

S33

Flowerpot WM 2504-2

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

Single cell with a concentric pattern of folds.

Approx. length 15 µm

USA

S35

Flowerpot WM 2504-2

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

Barrel shaped cell. May have been part of a chain. Has two possible outer invaginations which may indicate site of two previous connections.

Approx. length 15 µm

USA

T12/2

Flowerpot WM 2504-2

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

A pair of joined cells. Both cells appear to lack an outward facing joining structure. These were probably never part of a larger chain.

Mean length of cells 13µm

USA

T20

Flowerpot WM 2504-1

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

Single cell with fold or invagination at the right margin.

Approx. length 15 µm

USA

T22/1

Flowerpot WM 2504-2

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

A pair of joined cells. Both cells appear to lack an outward facing joining structure. These were probably never part of a larger chain.

Mean length of cells 13µm

USA

T36

Flowerpot WM 2504-1

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

Single cell irregularly arranged fold

Approx. length 15 µm

USA

T7/1

Flowerpot WM 2504-2

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

Single cell with a concentric to rectilinear pattern of folds.

Approx. length 15 µm

USA

U14

Flowerpot WM 2504-2

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

Chain of ovoid cells

Length of cells 15, 20 and 17 µm

USA

Y41/1

Flowerpt 66398

Reduviasporonites catenulatus Wilson 1962

Detail of specimen shown in image Flowerpt 66398_Y41_1. Chain of ovoid cells. The cells to the right both possibly contain slightly shrunken inner bodies. In the middle cell the inner body is attached to the inner surface of the terminal rims on both sides of the cell. Terminal rims are not well displayed between the two right hand cells. Both the inner body wall and the outer cell wall appear to be smooth and less than 1µm thick.

Length of cells 15, 20 and 17 µm

USA

Y41/1

Flowerpt 66398

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Elongate cell bent in the centre. Right hand part of the cell shows ‘striations’ in the outer cell wall orientated parallel to the long axis of the cell. These striations may be the result of shrinkage of the outer cell wall.

Length of cell100µm approx.

UK

A27

5031 Conisborough, Yorkshire

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Elongate cell. Outer cell surface is very finely, indistinctly granulate. Grana less than 0.5µm high and wide; similar distance apart. Inner cell material distinct; amorphous to granular in appearance.

Length of cell 82µm

UK

A28

5031 Conisborough, Yorkshire

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Well preserved cell with shrunken inner body. Distinct terminal rims.

Length of cell 144µm

Greenland

A52/3

MFP 12114/3, 750-6

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Detail of specimen shown in image MFP12114_3_750_6_A52_3. Detail of inner body. Terminus of internal body detached from the inner surface of the outer wall.

Length of cell 144µm

Greenland

A52/3

MFP 12114/3, 750-6

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Detail of specimen shown in image MFP12114_3_750_6_A52_3. Detail of terminal rim.

Length of cell 144µm

Greenland

A52/3

MFP 12114/3, 750-6

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Long filament with no terminal rims. May not be assignable to Reduviasporonites

Length of cell 190µm approx.

Greenland

B21/1

MFP 12114/3, 750-6

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Dark coloured (thick walled) specimen; displays very distinct inner and outer cell walls. Outer cell wall 1-1.5µm thick; outer surface very finely granulate (grana only just resolvable under oil x100). Faint shrinkage folds in the outer cell wall are present close to the termini. In these areas the terminal rims are ‘pinched’ i.e. much narrower than usual perhaps called by shrinkage. Inner cell wall 1 µm thick or less; appears smooth. Detached from the inner surface of the outer cell wall only close to the termini. Width of cavity between the two cell walls max. 3µm. Termini of the inner body still attached to the inner surface of the terminal rims. Small cavity at the terminus of the inner body visible on the right side of the cell. Cell material amorphous.

Length of cell 71µm approx.

UK

B27

5031 Conisborough, Yorkshire

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Small cell with sub-rectangular outline.

Length of cell 40µm

UK

B31/2

5031 Conisborough, Yorkshire

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Cell with one indistinct terminal rim

Cell length 53µm

UK

B34/3

Hilton HIL 01

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Outer wall of the cell translucent. Inner body distinct; attachment to the inner surface of the outer wall distinct on the left side.

Length of cell 142µm

Greenland

B39/3

MFP 12114/3, 750-6

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Detail of specimen shown in MFP12114_3_750_6_B39_3. Detail of inner body attachment to the inner part of the terminal rim. Left side

Length of cell 142µm

Greenland

B39/3

MFP 12114/3, 750-6

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Detail of specimen shown in MFP12114_3_750_6_B39_3. Detail of inner body attachment to the inner part of the terminal rim. Right side

Length of cell 142µm

Greenland

B39/3

MFP 12114/3, 750-6

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Spindle-shaped cell with dark cell material.

Length of cell 55µm

UK

B47/2

5031 Conisborough, Yorkshire (NB: These specimens are stained)

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Well preserved cell with shrunken inner body. Distinct terminal rims. Shows the inner body remains attached to the inner part of the terminal rims.

Length of cell 210µm

Greenland

B9

MFP 12114/3, 750-6

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Detail of specimen shown in image MFP12114_3_750_6_B9. Detail of well preserved cell with shrunken inner body; showing ‘striations’ in the outer wall.

Length of cell 210µm

Greenland

B9

MFP 12114/3, 750-6

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Elongate cell with shrunken inner body detached at both ends from the cell termini.

Length of cell 135µm

China

C12

640 3380 NLD36

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Ovoid cell

Length of cell 95µm

China

C20/4

640 3380 NLD36

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Ovoid cell

Length of cell 95µm

China

C20/4

640 3380 NLD36

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Cell with circular outline; terminal rims distinct, inner body shrunken and cell material present. Cf. B. helbyi f. gregata Foster 1979

Length of cell 85µm

China

C20/4

640 3380 NLD36

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Terminal rim partially detached suggesting incipient weakness in the outer wall just adjacent to the rim.

Length of cell 125µm

China

C26

640 3380 NLD36

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Very small ovoid cell. Cell material amorphous and granular. Very distinct separation between inner body and cell wall. Outer cell wall 1-1.5µm thick; outer surface very finely granulate (grana only just resolvable under oil (x100)). Cell material confined by folds in the inner body.

Length of cell 46µm.

UK

C29

5031 Conisborough, Yorkshire

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Elongate cell

Cell length 73µm

UK

C29/3

Hilton HIL 01

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Elongate specimen with sub-rectangular outline. Inner body appears adpressed to the inner surface of the cell.

Length of cell 65µm.

Saudi Arabia

C33

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Elongate specimen with sub-rectangular outline. Inner body appears adpressed to the inner surface of the cell.

Length of cell 73µm.

Saudi Arabia

C38

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Elongate cell lacking inner body.

Length of cell 194µm

China

C7/1

640 3380 NLD36

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Showing incipient weakness at the base of the terminal rim.

Length of cell 115µm

China

D17/4

640 3380 NLD36

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Cell with one indistinct terminal rim and distinct cell material

Cell length 43µm

UK

D30/2

Hilton HIL 01

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Chain of three cells which are elongate to ovoid in outline.

Mean length of cells 30µm

Saudi Arabia

D31/1

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Flask shaped cell.

Length of cell 160µm

China

D35

640 3380 NLD36

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Detail of specimen shown in image 6403380_NLD36_D35. Flask shaped cell. Detail shows that the inner body is missing.

Length of cell 160µm

China

D35

640 3380 NLD36

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Cell folded showing terminal rims.

Approx. length of cell 100µm

China

D38

640 3380 NLD36

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

2 cell chain with short rounded cells

Lengths of cells 57 and 60µm

UK

D38/2

Hilton HIL 01

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Very large irregularly shaped cell with distinct inner body.

Length of cell 147µm.

Russia

D41/4

203.3Russia

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Two cells, both lacking inner bodies, connected by distinct terminal rims. Significantly the outer ends of both the cells have very poorly developed terminal rims.

Length of cells 105 and 95µm.

Russia

D47

203.3Russia

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Ovoid cell with rectilinear folds possibly in the inner body.

Length of cell 130µm

Australia

D51/2

MOURA N. S. 30 MFP 9801/2

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Cell with irregular outline and a thin outer cell wall (0.5µm or less); contains a distinct, highly folded inner body. The inner body is in a partly shrunken state but is clearly attached to the inner surface of the terminal rims at both ends of the cell.

Length of cell 90µm approx.

Russia

D53

203.3Russia

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Short, slightly ovoid cell.

Length of cell 95µm

Greenland

E16

MFP 12114/3, 750-6

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Short, slightly ovoid cell.

Length of cell 105µm

Greenland

E17

MFP 12114/3, 750-6

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Well preserved cell with shrunken inner body. Inner body in advanced stage of shrinkage, though attachment to inner part of the terminal rim still visible on the right side.

Length of cell 120µm

Greenland

E24/1

MFP 12114/3, 750-6

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Cell with circular outline and distinct terminal rims.

Length of cell 85µm

China

E29/1

640 3381 NLD 37

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Detail of attachment of two cells, showing folds in the connection area.

Length of largest cell 125µm

Greenland

E35

MFP 12114/3, 750-6

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Ovoid specimen, inner body delineated by folds, indicating rectilinear outline.

Length of cell 96µm

Greenland

E6

MFP 12114/3, 750-6

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

?Ovoid specimen, inner body indistinct.

Length of cell 105µm

Greenland

F23/1

MFP 12114/3, 750-6

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Detail of specimen shown in image 5031_Conisboro_F24_4_2. Cell with very constricted terminal rim. This specimen suggests that there are three wall layers in the cell which are only evident at the termini, and which, over the rest of the cell, are tightly adpressed. At the terminal rim a slight separation is evident.

Length of cell 67µm.

UK

F24/4

5031 Conisborough, Yorkshire

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Cell with very constricted terminal rim.

Length of cell 67µm.

UK

F24/4

5031 Conisborough, Yorkshire

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Bent specimen with discontinuous terminal rim.

Length of cell 100µm approx.

Greenland

F36/2

MFP 12114/3, 750-6

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Two detached cells. Right side of largest cell has distinct detachment of inner body from the cell wall at the terminus, forming a small cavity.

Length of cells 71 and 54 µm

UK

F37/3

5031 Conisborough, Yorkshire

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Chain of short ovoid cells

Mean length of cells 24µm.

Saudi Arabia

F43/4

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Slightly ovoid form

Length of cell 68µm.

Saudi Arabia

F51

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Approximately half of a large, well developed cell with a distinct terminal rim. A very shrunken and twisted inner body envelopes a mass of dense granulate cell material. The enveloping inner body forms a spindle shape. Terminus of inner body still attached to the inner surface of the terminal rim.

Length of fragment 82µm

Russia

F58/1

203.3Russia

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Detail of the specimen shown in image 203.3_F58_1. Twisted inner body envelopes a mass of dense granulate cell material.

Length of fragment 82µm

Russia

F58/1

203.3Russia

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Elongate cell with striations on the outer wall. Striations parallel to the long axis of the cell.

Length of cell 100µm

China

G23/1

640 3381 NLD 37

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Short chain with diverse cells

Cell lengths 26, 64, 28, 61 µm

UK

G28/1

Hilton HIL 01

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Chain of 3 cells each with rounded, dark amorphous mass of cell material.

Cell lengths 35, 40 and 39µm

UK

G32/4

Hilton HIL 01

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Damaged, poor specimen

Length of cell fragment 47µm approx.

Greenland

H4

MFP 12114/2, 750-4

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Cell with distinct cell material

Cell length 55µm

UK

H40/1

Hilton HIL 01

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Chain of cells.

Mean length of cells 100µm. Length of chain 330µm.

Greenland

H44/4

MFP 12114/3, 750-6

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Cell relatively light in colour due to the comprehensive collapse of the inner body. The very dark amorphous to granulate cell material is seen to be enveloped in the very thin, delicate inner body which is twisted and attached to the cell wall at the right terminal rim.

Length of cell 55µm.

UK

H47/2

5031 Conisborough, Yorkshire

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Three cells in a chain. Each cell with a very thin delicate outer cell wall and an inner body in various stages of shrinkage. Cell material appears to be present within the inner body.

Mean length of cells 100µm. Length of chain 330µm.

Greenland

J21/2

MFP 12114/3, 750-6

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Detail of specimen shown in image MFP12114_3_750_6_J21_2. Detail of cells on the left side.

Mean length of cells 100µm. Length of chain 330µm.

Greenland

J21/2

MFP 12114/3, 750-6

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Cell with thin outer wall; inner body absent.

Length of cell 115µm

Greenland

J36/1

MFP 12114/3, 750-6

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Cell lacking inner body

Cell length 63µm

UK

J39

Hilton HIL 01

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Well developed terminal rims and cell material. Inner body believed to be adpressed and hence optically not distinct from the main cell wall.

Length of cell 84µm

Australia

J46/2

Billawock 262m Urgen 29.2

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Chain of three short ovoid cells. Cell to the left has three terminal rims.

Mean length of cells 35µm

Saudi Arabia

K35/1

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Detail of specimen shown in image DILM_1_7827.9_K35_1. Chain of three short ovoid cells. Detail showing inner and outer cell walls. Outer cell wall approx. 1µm thick; surface smooth. Inner wall between 1 and 0.75µm thick; surface also smooth. Two walls closely adpressed.

Mean length of cells 35µm

Saudi Arabia

K35/1

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Cell wall irregularly pitted.

Length of cell 87µm.

Saudi Arabia

K40/2

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Ovoid cell with indistinct terminal rims

Length of cell 53µm

Australia

K46/1

Billawock 262m Urgen 29.2

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Cell with constricted terminal rims

Length of cell 83µm.

Saudi Arabia

K49/2

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Damaged, poor specimen

Length of cell 150µm approx.

Greenland

K51/3

MFP 12114/1, 750-4

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Cells with apparent oblique connection

Cell lengths 33 and 32µm

UK

L30

Hilton HIL 01

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Pair of joined cells, indicating nature of cell contact and advanced state of shrinkage of the inner body in both cells.

Length of pictured cells 110 and 100µm

China

L35

640 3380 NLD36

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Ovoid cell with indistinct terminal rims

Length of cell 50µm

Australia

L36/4

Billawock 262m Urgen 29.2

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Flask shaped cell containing granular cell material.

Length of cell 128µm.

Russia

L49/2

203.3Russia

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Detail of outer cell wall. Shows scabrous nature of the Moura specimens. Some evidence of pyrite deformation of the cell wall material is present.

Width of cell 47µm

Australia

M42

MOURA N. S. 30 MFP 9801/1

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Damaged, poor specimen

Length of cell 150µm approx.

Greenland

M8

MFP 12114/1, 750-4

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

The two prominent dark cells pictured here have inner bodies which almost fill the cell cavity. The differing transparency of the cells illustrated may be due to natural variation in the thickness of one or both of the cell walls.

Cells with length between 48 and 28 µm.

Austria

N11/4

T1 6403434 2

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Chain of cells with masses of cell material. The cells all have intact inner bodies that almost fill the cell cavity.

Cells with maxis lengths of 45, 28 and 32µm

Austria

N12/3

T1 6403434 2

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Showing a ‘three way cell’; each terminus with a terminal rim.

Approx. length of cell 100µm

China

N21/4

640 3380 NLD36

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Two flask-shaped cells

Cell lengths 61 and 70µm

UK

N26/2

Hilton HIL 01

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Short spindle shaped cell

Length of cell 44µm

Saudi Arabia

N28

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Chain of small ovoid cells similar in morphology to the Flowerpot Formation specimens

Mean length of cells 25µm

Saudi Arabia

N30

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Ovoid cell with indistinct ovoid inner body.

Length of cell 90µm

Australia

N31

MOURA N. S. 30 MFP 9801/2

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Showing the dispersion of the cell material within the cell cavity.

Length of cell 150µm

China

N31

640 3380 NLD36

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Shows some of the range of cell size, shape and wall thickness within a single field of view. To the right are cells similar to those of the Greenland and Moura material. To the left are short ovoid cells.

Elongate cells length 55 and 45µm; ovoid cells have length between 29 and 45µm.

Austria

N31/3

T1 6403434 2

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

The cell displays a slightly shrunken inner body where the inner wall is no longer adpressed to the inner surface of the outer cell wall but has retreated a few microns. Note that the inner cell wall is still adpressed to the outer cell wall at the termini.

Main cell has length 42µm

Austria

N33/4

T1 6403434 2

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Nearly rectangular outline, short cell

Length of cell 53µm

Saudi Arabia

N37/4

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Showing a detached terminal rim. Plane of terminal face parallel to plane of slide.

Diameter of the terminal rim 27 µm

China

N40/2

640 3380 NLD36

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Nearly rectangular outline, short cell

Length of cell 67µm

Saudi Arabia

N41/3

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Short cell with rectangular outline and small masses of cell material

Length of cell 45µm

Saudi Arabia

N45/3

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Ovoid cell with indistinct ovoid inner body; the fold perpendicular to the long axis of the cell indicates one terminus of the inner body.

Length of cell 110µm

Australia

N46/1

MOURA N. S. 30 MFP 9801/2

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Slightly ovoid cell with indistinct inner body, though folds delineating its outline may be present. Terminal face turned towards the viewer.

Length of cell 118µm

Australia

N48/2

MOURA N. S. 30 MFP 9801/2

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Two adjacent cells; one with an inner body, one without.

Two main cells pictured have lengths of 45 and 43µm

Austria

N6

T1 6403434 2

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

The middle cell displays a slightly shrunken inner body where the inner wall is no longer adpressed to the inner surface of the outer cell wall but has retreated a few microns. Note that the inner cell wall is still adpressed to the outer cell wall at the termini. The lack of a strong transparency difference between parts of the cell showing the inner and outer walls indicates that the inner body has a thin wall.

Two main cells pictured have max. axis lengths of 40 and 43µm

Austria

N8

T1 6403434 2

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Elongate cell with inner body in advanced state of shrinkage

Main cell length 47µm

Austria

O16/3

T1 6403434 2

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Cell with constricted terminal rims

Length of cell 70µm

Saudi Arabia

O42/2

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Poorly developed ‘Y’ shaped cell

Length of cell 61µm

Saudi Arabia

O42/2

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Spindle shaped cell

Length of cell 49µm

Saudi Arabia

O44

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Very small rounded cell

Length of cell 32µm

Saudi Arabia

O45

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Cell with rectangular outline

Length of cell 69µm

Saudi Arabia

O45/2

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Short cell with rectangular outline

Length of cell 45µm

Saudi Arabia

O45/2

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Very poorly developed ‘Y’ shaped cell

Length of cell 66µm

Saudi Arabia

O47

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

2 joined cells

Length of cells 44 and 67µm

Saudi Arabia

O48/1

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Flask shaped cell

Length of cell 59µm

Saudi Arabia

O48/1

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Very poorly developed ‘Y’ shaped cell

Length of cell 61µm

Saudi Arabia

O48/1

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Ovoid cell with indistinct ovoid inner body; the folds perpendicular to the long axis of the cell indicate the termini of the inner body.

Length of cell 129µm

Australia

O48/1

MOURA N. S. 30 MFP 9801/2

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Elongate cell

Length of cell 87µm

Saudi Arabia

O48/3

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Small ovoid cell with poorly developed terminal rims

Length of cell 40µm

Saudi Arabia

O49

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Small cell with rectangular outline

Length of cell 59µm

Saudi Arabia

O49

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Slightly ovoid to rectangular cell with no distinct inner body or folds; also with discontinuous terminal rims.

Length of cell 118µm

Australia

O50

MOURA N. S. 30 MFP 9801/2

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Chain of very short ovoid cells

Mean length of cells 25µm

Saudi Arabia

O51/2

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Flask shaped cell with distinct inner and outer wall layers

Length of cell 65µm

Saudi Arabia

O54/1

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Shows folds in the inner bodies of two adjacent elongate cells

Length of largest cell pictured is 65µm

Austria

P14/4

T1 6403434 2

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Main cell pictured shows how shrinkage of the inner body occurs mainly in the middle parts of the cell. The inner body rarely detaches from the inner surfaces of the terminal rims unless shrinkage is very advanced.

Main cell length 43µm

Austria

P15/3

T1 6403434 2

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

End on view orientated normal to the terminal plane. Rim appears rectilinear in form, thickening may be incipient or as a result of folding. No pore or aperture visible in the terminal face. Terminal face planar.

Width of terminal face 20µm

Australia

P33/4

MOURA N. S. 30 MFP 9801/1

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Slightly ovoid cell with partially shrunken inner body.

Length of cell 115µm

Australia

P36

MOURA N. S. 30 MFP 9801/2

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Chain of three cells, each showing shrunken inner body with varying levels of attachment to the termini of the outer wall.

Length of pictured cells 115, 100 and 90 µm

China

P5/1

640 3380 NLD36

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Detail of specimen shown in image 6403380_NLD36_P5_1. Chain of three cells. Right side of chain. Illustrates attachment of the inner body to the termini of the outer wall. A helical twist may be present in the inner body of the right cell. Possibly such a twist is responsible for common diagonal folds.

Length of pictured cells 115, 100 and 90 µm

China

P5/1

640 3380 NLD36

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Detail of specimen shown in image 6403380_NLD36_P5_1. Chain of three cells. Left side of chain. Illustrates tenuous attachment of the inner body to the termini of the outer wall.

Length of pictured cells 115, 100 and 90 µm

China

P5/1

640 3380 NLD36

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Slightly ovoid cell with inner body delineated by folds.

Length of cell 92µm

Australia

P52/2

MOURA N. S. 30 MFP 9801/2

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Flask shaped cell

Length of cell 79µm

Saudi Arabia

Q30/2

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Slightly ovoid cell with distinct diagonal fold. Cf. diagonal furrow of Foster (1979).

Length of cell 100µm

Australia

R48/2

MOURA N. S. 30 MFP 9801/2

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Ovoid cell with partially shrunken inner body.

Length of cell 120µm

Australia

S36

MOURA N. S. 30 MFP 9801/2

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Cell relatively light in colour due to the comprehensive collapse of the inner body. The very dark amorphous to granulate cell material is seen to be enveloped in the very thin, delicate inner body which is twisted and attached to the cell wall at both ends. At the right is a strand of material which may represent the shrunken inner body of a previously adjacent cell.

Length of cell 50µm.

UK

S39/1

5031 Conisborough, Yorkshire

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Rectangular, elongate cell with indistinct inner body.

Length of cell 130µm

Australia

S44

MOURA N. S. 30 MFP 9801/2

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Discontinuous terminal rim present; inner body not apparent.

Length of cell 62µm

Australia

Single grain mount

Billawock, 262m SGM1

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Discontinuous terminal rim present; inner body not apparent. Left side shows incipient weakness of the outer wall shown by separation of the rim from the rest of the wall. Cell material distinct, granular in appearance.

Length of cell 56µm

Australia

Single grain mount

Billawock, 262m SGM2

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Detail of specimen shown in image BILLA_262m_SGM_3_2. Discontinuous terminal rim present; incipient weakness of the outer wall shown by separation of the rim from the rest of the wall

Length of cell 83µm

Australia

Single grain mount

Billawock, 262m SGM3

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Discontinuous terminal rim present; incipient weakness of the outer wall shown by separation of the rim from the rest of the wall

Length of cell 83µm

Australia

Single grain mount

Billawock, 262m SGM3

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Discontinuous terminal rim present; incipient weakness of the outer wall shown by separation of the rim from the rest of the wall

Length of cell 57µm

Australia

Single grain mount

Billawock, 262m SGM3

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Discontinuous terminal rim present

Length of cell 99µm

Australia

Single grain mount

Billawock, 262m SGM4

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Detail of specimen shown in image BILLA_262m_SGM_4. Showing granular cell material.

Length of cell 99µm

Australia

Single grain mount

Billawock, 262m SGM4

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

To the right of the picture the inner body is visible, closely adpressed to the inner surface of the cell wall. Granular cell material present.

Length of cell 102µm

Australia

Single grain mount

Billawock, 262m SGM5

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Detail of specimen shown in image BILLA_262m_SGM_5. Inner body can be seen folded back approximately half way along the cell. This may account for lighter colour in the left side of the cell.

Length of cell 102µm

Australia

Single grain mount

Billawock, 262m SGM5

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Detail of specimen showing a complete cell joined to a partial cell that has broken at the weakness at the base of the terminal rim. Illustrates the fine suture at the join between the adjacent terminal rims.

See scale bar

Austria

Stub 1

T1 6403434 2 (residue treated with Ultrasound)

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Chain of three cells with deeply concave compressional shape.

See scale bar

Austria

Stub 1

T1 6403434 2 (residue treated with Ultrasound)

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Detail of specimen showing a complete cell joined to a partial cell. Longitudinal tears in the outer cell wall are present.

See scale bar

Austria

Stub 1

T1 6403434 2 (residue treated with Ultrasound)

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Detail of specimen above. Wall of inner body may be visible within the longitudinal tear.

See scale bar

Austria

Stub 1

T1 6403434 2 (residue treated with Ultrasound)

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Elongate cell with well developed terminal rim.

See scale bar

Austria

Stub 1

T1 6403434 2 (residue treated with Ultrasound)

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Chain of two cells. Left cell has a diagonal fold due to twisting. Illustrates the rigidity of the terminal rims in comparison with the flaccidity of the otherwise unsupported cell wall.

See scale bar

Austria

Stub 1

T1 6403434 2 (residue treated with Ultrasound)

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

This specimen illustrates the characteristic ‘Christmas cracker’ morphology of cell chains after vigorous ultrasound treatment. The central cell shown is intact but the two adjacent cells are broken at the base of their respective terminal rims. This illustrates the comparative strength of the bonds between terminal rims.

See scale bar

Austria

Stub 1

T1 6403434 2 (residue treated with Ultrasound)

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Crack in cell wall. Illustrates the lack of a clear inner body cell wall and, possibly, that in this specimen, the inner body is tightly adpressed to the main cell wall.

See scale bar

Austria

Stub 1

T1 6403434 2 (residue treated with Ultrasound)

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Chain of two cells. Left cell has ‘Christmas cracker’ morphology.

See scale bar

Austria

Stub 1

T1 6403434 2 (residue treated with Ultrasound)

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Large, elongate cell.

See scale bar

Austria

Stub 1

T1 6403434 2 (residue treated with Ultrasound)

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Chain of two cells, left cell broken. In overall size (right cell less than 20µm in length) and morphology, these cells are similar to those described by Wilson (1962) and assigned to R. catenulatus.

See scale bar

Austria

Stub 1

T1 6403434 2 (residue treated with Ultrasound)

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

This specimen illustrates the characteristic ‘Christmas cracker’ morphology of cell chains after vigorous ultrasound treatment. The central cell shown is intact but the two adjacent cells are broken at the base of their respective terminal rims. This illustrates the comparative strength of the bonds between terminal rims.

See scale bar

Austria

Stub 1

T1 6403434 2 (residue treated with Ultrasound)

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

One intact cell with adjacent partial cells. Right side shows detachment of two terminal rims.

See scale bar

Austria

Stub 1

T1 6403434 2 (residue treated with Ultrasound)

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Detail of detachment of two terminal rims.

See scale bar

Austria

Stub 1

T1 6403434 2 (residue treated with Ultrasound)

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Cell with an oval outline, probably originally ovoid in shape with adjacent partial cell. Right side shows a break in the cell wall.

See scale bar

Austria

Stub 1

T1 6403434 2 (residue treated with Ultrasound)

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Detail of the above specimen (right side) showing the inner surface of ?one of the cell walls.

See scale bar

Austria

Stub 1

T1 6403434 2 (residue treated with Ultrasound)

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Detail of the above specimen (left side).

See scale bar

Austria

Stub 1

T1 6403434 2 (residue treated with Ultrasound)

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

This specimen illustrates the characteristic ‘Christmas cracker’ morphology. On the right the two tightly connected terminal rims can be seen.

See scale bar

Austria

Stub 1

T1 6403434 2 (residue treated with Ultrasound)

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Elongate cell with terminal rim turned toward the viewer.

See scale bar

Austria

Stub 1

T1 6403434 2 (residue treated with Ultrasound)

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Detail of the above specimen (left side) with terminal rim turned toward the viewer.

See scale bar

Austria

Stub 1

T1 6403434 2 (residue treated with Ultrasound)

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Two ?recently detached cells. Right cell shows possible development of a third terminal rim.

See scale bar

Austria

Stub 1

T1 6403434 2 (residue treated with Ultrasound)

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Detail of the above specimen (upper part) with terminal rim.

See scale bar

Austria

Stub 1

T1 6403434 2 (residue treated with Ultrasound)

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Detail of terminal rim. Central smooth area may correspond to central ‘boss’ of image ‘DILM_1_7827.9_Stub6_2.jpg’ from Saudi Arabia sample DILM-1 7827.

See scale bar

Austria

Stub 1

T1 6403434 2 (residue treated with Ultrasound)

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Chain of two tightly connected cells. Left cell in addition shows connection to the remains of an adjacent cell.

See scale bar

Austria

Stub 1

T1 6403434 2 (residue treated with Ultrasound)

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Detail of the above chain (left side).

See scale bar

Austria

Stub 1

T1 6403434 2 (residue treated with Ultrasound)

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Oblique image of specimen shown in image ‘6403434_2_T1_Stub1_15.tif’ (Austria T1 6403434 2 Stub 1). Shows 3D shape of the compressed cell. The extent and pattern of folding indicates that the cell was originally ovoid in shape.

See scale bar

Austria

Stub 1

T1 6403434 2 (residue treated with Ultrasound)

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Oblique image of specimen shown in image ‘6403434_2_T1_Stub1_15.tif’ (Austria T1 6403434 2 Stub 1). Detail.

See scale bar

Austria

Stub 1

T1 6403434 2 (residue treated with Ultrasound)

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Oblique image of specimen shown in image ‘6403434_2_T1_Stub1_15.tif’ (Austria T1 6403434 2 Stub 1). Detail.

See scale bar

Austria

Stub 1

T1 6403434 2 (residue treated with Ultrasound)

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Oblique image of specimen shown in image ‘6403434_2_T1_Stub1_15.tif’ (Austria T1 6403434 2 Stub 1). Detail illustrates the thickness (approx. 0.75µm), and apparently homogeneous nature of the cell wall. Area within presumably represents the internal cavity of the cell. The inner surface of the wall illustrated appears to be striated.

See scale bar

Austria

Stub 1

T1 6403434 2 (residue treated with Ultrasound)

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Oblique image of specimens.

See scale bar

Austria

Stub 1

T1 6403434 2 (residue treated with Ultrasound)

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Poorly preserved elongate cell. Terminal rim to the left has poorly developed raised circular boss approximately 3 µm wide

See scale bar

Austria

Stub 12

T1 6403434 2

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Poorly preserved elongate cell. Terminal rim detail.

See scale bar

Austria

Stub 12

T1 6403434 2

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Chain of 6 cells. Several of the cells have partially collapsed walls between the terminal rims suggesting that the latter are the most rigid part of the cell structure.

See scale bar

Austria

Stub 12

T1 6403434 2

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Detail of terminal rim

See scale bar

Austria

Stub 12

T1 6403434 2

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Three way cell and ?recently detached elongate cell. Left terminal rim has poorly developed raised circular boss approximately 2 µm wide

See scale bar

Austria

Stub 12

T1 6403434 2

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Detail of terminal rim of elongate cell in the above.

See scale bar

Austria

Stub 12

T1 6403434 2

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Flask shaped cell with well developed left terminal rim. Specimen has corroded outer cell wall.

See scale bar

China

Stub 13

640 3380 NLD36

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Pair of joined cells.

See scale bar

China

Stub 13

640 3380 NLD36

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Pair of joined cells. Detail of the join between the cells. Join is marked by a fine suture.

See scale bar

China

Stub 13

640 3380 NLD36

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Large rounded cell with well developed terminal rims. Specimen has corroded outer cell wall.

See scale bar

China

Stub 13

640 3380 NLD36

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Rounded cell with well developed terminal rims. Specimen has corroded outer cell wall and prominent longitudinal fold.

See scale bar

China

Stub 13

640 3380 NLD36

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Rounded cell with well developed terminal rims. Detail of left terminal rim.

See scale bar

China

Stub 13

640 3380 NLD36

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Rounded cell with well developed terminal rims.

See scale bar

China

Stub 13

640 3380 NLD36

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Detail of terminal rim. Fragment of previously attached cell still present.

See scale bar

China

Stub 13

640 3380 NLD36

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Elongate cell with well developed diagonal fold.

See scale bar

China

Stub 13

640 3380 NLD36

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Elongate cell with well developed diagonal fold. The right terminal rim is partially detached along the incipient weakness in the cell wall at the base of the terminal rim. The left terminal rim is very well developed.

See scale bar

China

Stub 13

640 3380 NLD36

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Detail of left terminal rim. Area enclosed has a hole in the outer cell wall, probably too regular to be a pore or aperture.

See scale bar

China

Stub 13

640 3380 NLD36

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Cell with well developed longitudinal fold. This and other specimens indicate a cell wall corrosion form that is similar in appearance to ‘exfoliation’. That the wall appears to ‘flake off’ in this way suggests that it may be lamellate in structure.

See scale bar

China

Stub 13

640 3380 NLD36

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Small rounded cell with diagonal fold possibly caused by twisting movement.

See scale bar

Saudi Arabia

Stub 6

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Detail of terminal rim showing raised rim area and enclosed central, circular depressed area. The central part of the depressed area has a raised circular boss approximately 2 µm wide.

See scale bar

Saudi Arabia

Stub 6

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Three way cell. Upper terminal rim is slightly folded over.

See scale bar

Saudi Arabia

Stub 6

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Right side illustrates tear in the wall just at the base of the terminal rim. Suggests as do other light microscope images, that there is an incipient weakness at the base of the terminal rim.

See scale bar

Saudi Arabia

Stub 6

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Chain of 5 cells. Several of the cells have partially collapsed walls between the terminal rims, suggesting that the latter are the most rigid part of the cell structure. The second cell from the right is a 3 way cell.

See scale bar

Saudi Arabia

Stub 6

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Chain of 5 cells above. Detail of terminal rim.

See scale bar

Saudi Arabia

Stub 6

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Spindle shaped cell with tear in the outer wall.

See scale bar

Saudi Arabia

Stub 6

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Detail of outer cell wall tear. Shows the outer wall thickness (approx. 0.5µm) and the outer surface of the inner wall beneath.

See scale bar

Saudi Arabia

Stub 6

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Detailed close up of outer cell wall tear.

See scale bar

Saudi Arabia

Stub 6

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Rounded cell with poorly developed terminal rim on the left. Specimen has corroded outer cell wall.

See scale bar

Australia

Stub 8

MOURA N. S. 30 MFP 9801/1

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Rounded cell; no distinct terminal rims. Specimen has corroded outer cell wall.

See scale bar

Australia

Stub 8

MOURA N. S. 30 MFP 9801/1

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Rounded cell with poorly developed terminal rim on the left. Specimen has corroded outer cell wall.

See scale bar

Australia

Stub 8

MOURA N. S. 30 MFP 9801/1

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Long cell with semi transparent outer cell wall

Length of cell 100µm

Saudi Arabia

T37/2

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Two joined ovoid cells. Cf. B. helbyi f. gregata

Mean length of cells 45µm.

UK

T44/3

5031 Conisborough, Yorkshire

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Shrunken and twisted inner body envelopes a mass of dense granulate cell material. Mass and enveloping inner body forms a spindle shape. Termini of inner body still attached to the inner surfaces of the terminal rims.

Length of cell 75µm.

Russia

T55/1

203.3Russia

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Ovoid cell with rectilinear folds possibly in the inner body wall. Cf. diagonal furrow of Foster (1979).

Length of cell 120µm

Australia

U42

MOURA N. S. 30 MFP 9801/1

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Group of ovoid cells with regular folds indicating approx. position and shape of the inner body. Cells joined where termini of inner body reach inner surface of the outer body.

Approx. mean length of cells 80µm

Australia

U46/3

MOURA N. S. 30 MFP 9801/1

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Cells with circular outline.

Length of cells 53 and 50µm.

UK

U51/1

5031 Conisborough, Yorkshire

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Flask and spindle shaped cells joined

Length of cells 57 and 46µm

Saudi Arabia

W33

DILM-1 7827.9

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Ovoid cell with rectilinear folds possibly in the inner body wall. Cf. diagonal furrow of Foster (1979).

Length of cell 120µm

Australia

Y47

MOURA N. S. 30 MFP 9801/1

Reduviasporonites chalastus (Foster) Elsik 1999

Chain with apparent pendant inner body still attached to the adjacent cell

Mean length of cells 45µm

Saudi Arabia

Y48

DILM-1 7827.9